A Brief Motivational Intervention (BMI) consists of a short interview based on the principles of Motivational Interviewing ( R. et al., 2012) that aims to achieve change in a certain behavior to promote changes toward healthier lifestyles (Field et al., 2005) through a collaborative, person-centered orientation, aimed at strengthening motivation for change (Miller & Rollnick, 2009) .
The IbM can be carried out by any professional profile that dedicates part of their time to getting their users or patients to adopt behaviors that favor their health, provided they receive specific training on motivational interviewing (Kaner et al., 2007 ). The amount and duration of this type of intervention can vary from a single session of a few minutes to four sessions of 45 minutes, depending on the type of encounter (opportunistic, programmed), the type of behavior to be addressed, the stage of change, Etc.
This style of health promotion approach, although initially created to treat disorders related to alcohol abuse (Kaner et al., 2007), is being used in different clinical contexts that require changes in lifestyle, acquisition of healthy habits, or abandonment of unhealthy habits such as drug use ( ) among others.
In certain situations, having experienced an adverse effect related to unhealthy behavior, such as a cardiovascular event related to a poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle or a hospital admission due to trauma related to the consumption of alcohol and other drugs (Cordovilla-Guardia et al., 2017b), or being in a positive condition such as pregnancy (Franco-Antonio et al., 2020 )., can place the person who experiences it in a situation of special receptivity to receive interventions to adopt healthy habits. These situations have been called in health sciences “teachable moment” —which could be translated as “propitious moment of teaching”— and generate “windows of opportunity” that increase the success of initiatives that aim to change healthy behaviors ( .
Our research group has found IBM an ideal tool to investigate modifiable risk factors in health, which are the basis of the research that supports the MOTIVA lines, such as the one that began with the research on the prevention of recidivism of injuries related to the consumption of alcohol and other drugs ( that intends to develop a program for the prevention of the initiation of cigarette consumption in adolescents.
To Promote Behavioral Change In Primary Care
Brief health intervention is a therapeutic strategy suggested to address behavioral changes associated with risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases. There is ample evidence of its effectiveness. However, this evidence is based on different definitions of brief intervention, which makes its clinical application difficult. This literature review article proposed a search for systematic reviews in the database to identify common factors in its definition and summarize some frequently used brief intervention strategies in primary health care. Likewise, it seeks to describe its effectiveness in this clinical context for three risk factors: tobacco, alcohol, and physical activity.
The prevention of chronic diseases and the control of associated risk factors are part of the preventive and promotional approach proposed by the World Health Organization to reduce the increasing morbidity and mortality related to chronic non-communicable diseases.…
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